ࡱ > h bjbj q Y a a a a a % ( M M M M Z L ' ( g i i i i i i $ ! Z 9 a O O O a a M M 4 O : a M a M g O g M =%l F S 0 ! @ ! ! a D O O O O O O O O O O O O O O ! O O O O O O O O O ' : AnalyticalPhilosophy (PHP4784) 4CreditHours Spring2015 CourseLogistics: Time:11:30AM-1:20PM Classroom:GS103 InstructorInformation: Professor:Dr.ClevisHeadley Office:SO277 OfficeHours:3:30PM-4:30PMorbyappointment OfficePhone:297-3878 Email:Headley@fau.edu Textbooks: IanHacking,WhyDoesLanguageMatterToPhilosophy?(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress, 1997) JaakkoHintikka,OnWittgenstein(Belmont,CA:Wadsworth,2000) LynnHankinsonandJackNelson,OnQuine(Belmont,CA:Wadsworth,2000) S.JackOdell,OnRussell(Belmont,CA:Wadsworth,2000) JosephSalerno,OnFrege(Belmont,CA:Wadsworth,2001) *AdditionalrequiredreadingsarealsoavailableonBlackboardundercontent. CourseDescription: Althoughthereisgeneralagreementthatanalyticphilosophytookrootandbecamethedominant philosophicaltraditionwithintheEnglish-speakingworldinthetwentiethcentury,thereisnosingle, universallyagreed-uponprecisedefinitionofthetermanalyticphilosophy.Looselyconstrued, analyticphilosophydesignatesacollectionofdifferentlyorientedschoolsthatshareanumberofpoints ofoverlap,affinity,andconnectionswithoneanother.Analyticphilosophymaybeusedtodescribe thekindofanalysispracticedbyG.E.Moore;theconceptionoflogicalanalysisorlogicalatomism championedbyBertrandRussell;themainteachingsofthelogicalpositivists(e.g.,MoritzSchlick,Rudolf Carnap,HansReichenbach,AlfredJ.Ayer);theOxfordSchoolofOrdinaryLanguagephilosophyasled byJohnAustin;thecrucialtypesofconceptualanalysisandconceptualelucidationcharacteristicofthe workofLudwigWittgenstein;andtheinvestigatingofmultiplesemanticquestionsaboutreferenceand truthassociatedwiththesphereofphilosophicallogicresultingfromrecentdevelopmentsinformallogic andlinguistics(e.g.,theworkofGottlobFrege,WillardVanOrmanQuine,PeterStrawson,Jaakko Kintikka,SaulKripke,DonaldDavidson,MichaelDummett).Butdespitethecreativediversitywhich shapesthecontoursofthetraditionofanalyticphilosophy,itisnottoomuchofanexaggerationtoclaim thattheonecommonfeaturethatpermeatesallanalyticphilosophiesisthecarefulattentionpaidtothe useoflanguageasthemediumofcommunicationofthought,aswellastheassortedconditionsand assetslanguageprovidesforsuchexamination. Fromanotherperspective,analyticphilosophyhasbeendistinctivetotheextentthatitadvocatesa radicallynewapproachtophilosophy.Accordingtothisview,thedistinctivemarkofanalytical philosophyisitsadvocatingofthemethodofanalysisastheparadigmofgoodphilosophy.Russell maintainsthatthetaskofphilosophyisthetranslationofgrammaticallymisleadingordefective expressionsintotheircorrectlogicalform.Theideaofphilosophyasanalysisencouragedthebeliefthat philosophersshouldutilizeanideallogicallyperfectlanguagethatwouldprotectagainsttheblemishes2 ofnaturallanguage,specifically,vaguenessanddefectivereferringterms.Again,Russellheldthatview thatboththevocabularyandsyntaxofnaturallanguagescaneasilymisleadusintoassumingthatcertain wordsinourvocabularymustrefertorealentitieswheninfacttheydonot.Thesubject-predicatesyntax ofourlanguageleadsustobelievethattheworldhasastructurecorrespondingtoit.PriortoRussell, GottlobFrege,thefatherofanalyticphilosophy,alsochampionedtheideathatphilosophicalproblems areproblemsoflogicandlanguage.Hedefendedtheviewthattheseproblemscanbeadequately resolvedbyutilizingthetechnicalmethodsofmathematicallogic.Atthispointitbearsmentioningthat onestrandofanalyticalphilosophyhasitsoriginsinproblemsconnectedwiththephilosophyof mathematics.Fregesattempttoplacemathematicsuponasecurefoundationledtohisinvolvement withissuescenteredontheuseoflanguage:meaningandreference. CourseObjectives: Theobjectivesofthiscourseareasfollow:(1)providestudentswithacoherentandcritical understandingandappreciationofanalyticphilosophy;(2)pursueastudyoftheroleoflanguagein communicationandthought,inparticular,theproblemofhowtoidentify,achieve,orinsurethepresence ofmeaningintheuseoflanguage;and(3)pursueaphilosophicalexaminationoftheresourcesofformal logicinitsmodern,revitalizedforms,andtheseveralwaysinwhichtheseresourcesmaybeappliedin helpingtosolvevariousphilosophicalproblems. Inadditiontotheobjectivesmentionedabove,someofthemajortopicsfoundinanalyticalphilosophy willbealsodiscussedinthiscourse.Theyareasfollows:definitedescriptions,thedescriptivetheoryof propernames,directreferenceandthecausal-historicaltheoryofpropernames,theoriesofmeaning, verificationism,logicalanalysis,andtruth-conditiontheories. CourseMechanics: Thiscoursewillinvolvebothlecturesanddiscussions.Alllectureswillcenterprimarilyontheassigned texts.Studentswillbegiventhechancetoparticipateindiscussionsregardingthesubject-matterofthe course.Studentsarestronglyurgedtocompleteallreadingassignmentsbeforecomingtoclassinorder tobeabletofollowlecturesandcontributemeaningfultoclassdiscussions. ReadingAssignments: Allreadingassignmentswillbeannouncedinclassaheadoftime.Theseassignmentswillbegivenatthe endofeachweekforthecomingweek.Itisabsolutelyimportantthatstudentscometoclassadequately preparedsoastobenefitsubstantiallyfromclasslecturesanddiscussions.Studentsshouldnotethat readingaphilosophicaltextisquitechallenginganddemandingand,therefore,arestronglyurgedto spendqualitytimeengagingwiththeirtexts. CourseEvaluation: Studentswillberequiredtowriteatleastfiveshortanalyticalessaysinthiscourse.Theseessayswill functionasexaminationsforthecourse.Allessayswillbeintheformoftakehomeexaminations. Studentswillbeallowedtoconsulttheirnotesandtexts.However,theyshouldnotusetheinternetasa researchsourcetowritetheiressays.Essayswillbecarefullyevaluatedontheaccuracyofthe interpretationofassignedreadings.Theyshouldexpressthestudentsownideasandnotbedescriptions ofassignedreadings.Inadditiontotheseshortpapers,therewillalsobeafinalexamination.Theshort paperswillcountas50%ofyourfinalgradeandthefinalexaminationwillalsocountas50%ofyourfinal grade. ThefinalexaminationisscheduledforTuesday,April1,10:30Am-1:00PM. GradingScale: 100-90:A 89-88:B + 8 7 - 8 0 : B 7 9 - 7 8 : C + 7 7 - 7 0 : C 3 6 9 - 6 0 : D B e l o w 6 0 : F F i n a l G r a d e : Y o u r f i n a l g r a d e w i l l c o n s i s t s o f y o u r f i n a l e x a m i n a t i o n g r a d e a n d a v e r a g e o f t h e f i v e p a p e r g r a d e s . T h e p a p e r s w i l l c o u n t 5 0 % o f y o u r f i n a l g r a d e a n d t h e finalexaminationwillalsocount50%ofyourfinal grade. Make-upPolicy: Therewillbenomake-upworkpermittedinthiscourse.Theonlyexceptionswillbeforstudents participatinginUniversity-approvedactivities,studentsparticipatinginareligiousobservance,or studentswhoprovideformalnotationofadoctorsappointment. ClassroomEtiquettePolicy: Thecollegeoruniversityclassroomisaplacefortheconveyanceofknowledge.Ideally,thereis interactionbetweentheprofessorandthestudentsthathelpsfacilitatetheachievementofthisgoal. Forthisreason,thereexistsasetofcustomaryrulesofcourtesythatapplytoclassroomsituations, particularlyatthecollegelevel.Bothprofessorsandstudentshaverightsandresponsibilities,both shouldrespecttheother,bothshoulddoalltheycandotohelptheeducationalprocesstoachieveits maximumeffectivenessandtohelptheclassroomtrulybecomeanenvironmentforlearning.Therules ofconductbelowarenotexhaustiveofwhatconstitutesproperbehavior.However,theyprovidesome ofthespecificexpectationsthataretobemetbystudentsinthisclass. Studentsareexpectedtocometoclassconsistently,tobeontime,andnottoleaveclassearly.Students comingtoclasslateorleavingearlywillmissimportantinformationandwill,asaconsequence, jeopardizetheirowngrade.Thematerialdiscussedinthiscourseisofahighlyabstractandcomplex natureandcannotbeimmediatelygraspedwithouttheassistanceoftheprofessorand,thus,without regularclassattendance.Furthermore,classlecturesmayappeartobeincomprehensibleifthestudent hasnotreadthematerialpreviouslyassigned.Thus,althoughattendanceisnotformallytakeninthis class,absencesandlackofpreparationwillreflectnegativelyuponthestudent'sfinalgrade. Studentsareexpectedtocometoclassprepared,i.e.,theyareexpectedtohavedonethereadingassigned duringthepreviousclassperiod.Alllectureswillbegivenusingthereadingasareference,andhaving donethereadingaheadoftimewillenablethestudentsnotonlytofollowthelecturebutalsoto contributeconstructivelytotheclassdiscussion. Studentsshouldalwayscommunicatewiththeprofessorandwithotherstudentsinarespectfulmanner. Standardsofpropercommunicationalsoapplytoe-mailexchanges.E-mailsshouldbecourteousand respectful.Studentsshouldnotexpectanimmediateresponsetotheire-mailsfromtheprofessor. However,undernormalcircumstance,aresponsetoastudentse-mailwillbesentinatimelymanner. Studentsarehighlyencouragedtospeakwiththeprofessorduringofficehours,iftheyhaveany questionsregardingthematerialbeingcoveredthatrequiremoretimetoanswerthanthetimeavailable inclass. Studentsareexpectedtobeattentivetolectures,toquestionsraisedbyotherstudents,andtoclassroom discussionsingeneral.Studentsshouldavoidmonopolizingorinterruptingclassroomdiscussion. Eatinganddrinkinginclass,aswellastheuseanyelectronicdevices,arenotpermitted.Aswell,video tapingorrecordingofclasslecturesisnotpermitted.Cellularphonesandpagersshouldbeturnedoff. Studentsshouldwaituntilafterclasstoreturnanycallsreceivedortosendtextmessages.4 Extra-CreditPolicy: Therewillbenoextracreditworkpermittedinthiscoursetosupplementtheofficialcourse requirements.However,specialopportunitiestoattendlectureswillbeannouncedinclass.Inorderto receivecreditforattendinganofficiallysanctionedlecture,studentsarerequiredtosubmitacritical reviewofthelecture. AttendanceandUniversityAbsencePolicy: Attendancewillnotbetakeninthisclass.However,asmentionedabove,studentsarestronglyadvised nottomissclass,nottobelate,andnottoleaveearly.Studentsareexpectedtobefamiliarwithand abidebytheUniversitysabsencepolicyand,inthecaseofUniversityapprovedabsences,tonotifythe professorasperUniversitypolicybelow(takenfromthe2011-12UniversityCatalog): StudentsareexpectedtoattendalloftheirscheduledUniversityclassesandtosatisfyallacademic objectivesasoutlinedbytheinstructor.Theeffectofabsencesupongradesisdeterminedbythe instructor,andtheUniversityreservestherighttodealatanytimewithindividualcasesofnon- attendance. Studentsareresponsibleforarrangingtomakeupworkmissedbecauseoflegitimateclassabsence,such asillness,familyemergencies,militaryobligation,court-imposedlegalobligationsorparticipationin University-approvedactivities.ExamplesofUniversity-approvedreasonsforabsencesinclude participatingonanathleticorscholasticteam,musicalandtheatricalperformancesanddebateactivities. Itisthestudentsresponsibilitytogivetheinstructornoticepriortoanyanticipatedabsenceandwithina reasonableamountoftimeafteranunanticipatedabsence,ordinarilybythenextscheduledclass meeting.InstructorsmustalloweachstudentwhoisabsentforaUniversity-approvedreasonthe opportunitytomakeupworkmissedwithoutanyreductioninthestudentsfinalcoursegradeasadirect resultofsuchabsence. ( HYPERLINK "http://www.fau.edu/academic/registrar/FAUcatalog/academics.php" http://www.fau.edu/academic/registrar/FAUcatalog/academics.php) PolicyonIncompletes: Asageneralrule,incompleteswillnotbegiveninthiscourse.However,shouldtherebeacaseinwhich IbelievethatastudentgenuinelymeritsreceivingagradeofI,thefollowinguniversitypolicymustand willbefollowed: ShouldastudentwishtoreceiveanI(Incomplete)gradeforthiscourse,thatstudentmustprovide(a)a writtenrequeststatinghis/herreasons,and(b)evidenceforthesereasonstome.Iwillsubmitthemthe chairpersonofthephilosophydepartment,whowillmakethefinaljudgmentastowhetheranIis indeedappropriate.Ifthechairpersonapproves,thestudentmustgotothephilosophydepartment (SO281)tofillouttheIformwhichboththestudentandImustsign,andinwhichIwillspecifythe deadlineforcompletingthecoursework,andthedefaultgradethatthestudentwillreceiveifhe/she doesnotcompletetheworkbythestateddeadline. Inallcases,universitypolicystatesthatiftheIformisnotcompletedandsignedbybothstudentand professor,theRegistrarsOfficewillautomaticallychangetheItoanF,ifthestudenthasnot completedthecoursework. Afterthestudenthasturnedinalloftheworkrequiredtocompletethecourse,he/shebearsfull responsibilityforconfirmingthattheIhasbeenchangedtoagrade. Absolutelynoexceptionswillbemadetothis.5 PolicyonPlagiarism: Plagiarism,thepresentingofthewordsorideasofanotherpersonasonesown,isaseriousacademic offensethatmayresultinfailureinacourseorsuspensionfromtheUniversity. Quotationofanotherpersonswordsmustbeindicatedinoneofthestandardways.Thisappliestoall quotedmaterial,includingpassages,sentences,andimportantpartsofsentencesusedverbatim.Donot paraphraseorvirtuallyquotepassagesbychangingafewwordsorthewordorder. Relatingtheinformationinaquotebyusingdifferentwordorexpressions,withoutparaphrasing,also requirescitation. Aswell,theuseofanotherpersonsideas,evenwithoutquotingorparaphrasing,requirescitation. Thesourceofallquotedmatterandthesourceofallideasandinformationthataretakenfromthework ofanotherpersonandthatarenotamatterofgeneralknowledgemustbeindicatedbytheproperuseof referencenotes.Rememberthis:Whenindoubtastowhetherornotcitationisrequired,itisbettertobe safeandusereferencenotesthannottousethem. Ifnotfamiliarwiththeproperuseofreferencenotes,eitherconsultwithyourprofessororconsultoneof themanyreferencesourcesavailableinthelibrary(suchastheMLAmanualofstyle,theChicagomanual ofstyle,ortheAPA(AmericanPsychologicalAssociation)manualofstyle).Alwaysinquirewhether yourprofessorhasaparticularstylisticpreferenceregardingcitations(thatis,eitherMLA,Chicagostyle, orAPA). Rememberthis:Referencenotesshowthatanideaorinformationcamefromapublishedsource. Quotationmarksshowthatthespecificwordsofanotherpersonarebeingused.Studentsshouldbe familiarwithsection6C5-4.001oftheFloridaAdministrativeCode(printedonp.72oftheUniversity Catalog),whichdescribesthepenaltiesincurredwhenstudentsengageinacademicirregularitiessuchas plagiarism. Cheating: Cheatingwillnotbetoleratedinthiscourse,andthestudentsareexpectedtobefamiliarwiththeFlorida AtlanticUniversityHonorCode.Anystudentcaughtcheatingwillbesubmittedtotheappropriate disciplinarymeasuresasspecifiedintheFAUcode. StatementofAcademicIntegrity: StudentsatFloridaAtlanticUniversityareexpectedtomaintainthehighestethicalstandards.Academic dishonesty,includingcheatingandplagiarism,isconsideredaseriousbreachoftheseethicalstandards, becauseitinterfereswiththeUniversitymissiontoprovideahighqualityeducationinwhichnostudent enjoysanunfairadvantageoveranyother.AcademicdishonestyisalsodestructiveoftheUniversity community,whichisgroundedinasystemofmutualtrustandplaceshighvalueonpersonalintegrity andindividualresponsibility.Harshpenaltiesareassociatedwithacademicdishonesty.Formore information,see HYPERLINK "http://www.fau.edu/regulations/chapter4/4.001_Code_of_Academic_Integrity.pdf" http://www.fau.edu/regulations/chapter4/4.001_Code_of_Academic_Integrity.pdf AccommodationsforStudentswithDisabilities: IncompliancewiththeAmericanswithDisabilitiesAct(ADA),studentswhorequirespecial accommodationsduetoadisabilitytoproperlyexecutecourseworkmustregisterwiththeOfficefor StudentswithDisabilities(OSD)locatedinBocaRaton-SU133(561-297-3880),inDavie-LA 203 (954-236-1222),inJupiter-SR139(561-799-8585),orattheTreasureCoast-CO128(772-873-3305),andfollowallOSDprocedures.6 HonorCode: StudentsatFloridaAtlanticUniversityareexpectedtomaintainthehighestethicalstandards.Academic dishonesty,includingcheatingandplagiarism,isconsideredaseriousbreachoftheseethicalstandards, becauseitinterfereswiththeUniversitymissiontoprovideahighqualityeducationinwhichnostudent enjoysanunfairadvantageoveranyother.AcademicdishonestyisalsodestructiveoftheUniversity community,whichisgroundedinasystemofmutualtrustandplaceshighvalueonpersonalintegrity andindividualresponsibility.Harshpenaltiesareassociatedwithacademicdishonesty.Formore information,seehttp://www.fau.edu/regulations/chapter4/4.001_Honor_Code.pdf. Drop-Dates: Thestudentsareadvisedtokeepthefollowingdatesinmind: January11:Lastdaytoregister/drop/addorwithdrawwithfullrefund. January20:Lastdaytoregister/drop/addorwithdrawwithoutreceivingaW. March1:LastdaytodroporwithdrawwithoutreceivingF. Officiallydroppingacourseisthestudent'sresponsibility.If,forwhateverreason,astudentstops attendingclass,completingtheassignments,ortakingthetests,thatstudentshouldmakesurehe/she officiallydropsthiscourse.Otherwise,he/shewillreceivean'F'inthecourse.Noexceptionswillbe madetothis. OfficialHolidaysandBreaks: January21:M.L.King,Jr.Day. March4-10:SpringBreak. OtherImportantDates: April24:Lastdayofclasses. April25-May1:Finalexaminationweek. May3:Semesterends. May6:GradesdueinRegistrar'sofficeby9:00a.m. DateofFinalExamination: ThedateofthefinalexaminationisTuesday,April30,10:30AM-1:00PM. CourseOutline(Tentative) Part1:Introduction Dummett,CanAnalyticPhilosophyBeSystematic,AndOughtItToBe?(Handout) Hacking,WhyDoesLanguageMattertoPhilosophy? Essay#1 PartII:EarlyAnalyticPhilosophy Frege OnSenseandReference(Handout) IntroductiontoTheFoundationsofArithmetic(Handout) TheThought:ALogicalInquiry(Handout) Salerno,Chapters:2,3,4&7. Essay#27 PartIII:EarlyAnalyticPhilosophy Russell OnDenoting(Handout) Descriptions(Handout) LogicastheEssenceofPhilosophy(Handout) KnowledgebyAcquaintanceandKnowledgebyDescription,(Handout) Odell:Chapters2,3&4. Essay#3 PartIV:EarlyAnalyticPhilosophy Wittgenstein TractatusLogico-Philosophicus(selections)(Handout) Hintikka,Chapters:2,3&4. Wittgenstein,PhilosophicalInvestigations(Selections(Handout) Hintikka,Chapters:5,6,&7 Essay#4 PartV:LogicalEmpiricism Carnap TheEliminationofMetaphysicsThroughtheLogicalAnalysisofLanguage(Handout) PartVI:ContemporaryAnalyticPhilosophy Quine Two " # $ & , . 3 4 : < ? @ C I ѸъuuѸ\C 1hk8 5B*CJ OJ QJ RHb ^J mH nH ph u1h, 5B*CJ OJ QJ RH` ^J mH nH ph u)hk8 5B*CJ RH^ ^J mH nH ph u1hk8 5B*CJ OJ QJ RH^ ^J mH nH ph u)hk8 5B*CJ RH` ^J mH nH ph u1hk8 5B*CJ OJ QJ RH` ^J mH nH ph uhk8 %hk8 5B*CJ ^J mH nH ph u-hk8 5B*CJ OJ QJ ^J mH nH ph u # 4 A B C V l { { m { { <